ABSTRACT
As the last part of a program to survey the extent of malaria transmission in the Papua New Guinea highlands, a series of rapid malaria surveys were conducted in 2003-2004 and 2005 in different parts of Southern Highlands Province. Malaria was found to be highly endemic in Lake Kutubu (prevalence rate (PR): 17-33%), moderate to highly endemic in Erave (PR: 10-31%) and moderately endemic in low-lying parts (< 1500 m) of Poroma and Kagua (PR: 12-17%), but was rare or absent elsewhere. A reported malaria epidemic prior to the 2004 surveys could be confirmed for the Poroma (PR: 26%) but not for the lower Kagua area. In Kutubu/Erave Plasmodium falciparum was the most common cause of infection (42%), followed by P. vivax (39%) and P. malariae (16%). In other areas most infections were due to P. vivax (63%). Most infections were of low density (72% < 500/ microl) and not associated with febrile illness. Overall, malaria was only a significant source of febrile illness when prevalence rates rose above 10%, or in epidemics. However, concurrent parasitaemia led to a significant reduction in haemoglobin (Hb) level (1.2 g/dl, CI95: [1.1-1.4.], p < 0.001) and population mean Hb levels were strongly correlated with overall prevalence of malarial infections (r = -0.79, p < 0.001). Based on the survey results, areas of different malaria epidemiology are delineated and options for control in each area are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Endemic Diseases , Epidemics , Geography, Medical , Malaria/drug therapy , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Malaria, Vivax/drug therapy , Mosquito Nets/statistics & numerical data , Papua New Guinea/epidemiology , PrevalenceSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthetics, Local/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Spectrophotometry , Fetal Blood/drug effects , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects , Blood Chemical Analysis , Anesthetics, Local/metabolism , Bupivacaine/metabolism , Bupivacaine/blood , Lidocaine/analogs & derivatives , Lidocaine/metabolism , Lidocaine/blood , Mepivacaine/metabolism , Mepivacaine/bloodABSTRACT
Se estudian 34 casos de infecciones causadas por HI en menores hospitalizados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Regional de Temuco, entre enero de 1980 y junio de 1985. Se comprueba mayor incidencia de infecciones por este germen a partir de 1982, en menores de 2 años, varones, eutróficos y en meses fríos. Las entidades clínicas más frecuentes pesquisadas fueron meningitis y BN, presentándose éstas aisladas o asociadas al ingreso o durante su evolución. Se obtiene un alta correlación y positividad (100 por ciento) en la tinciones de Gram efectuadas sobre la base de los cultivos positivos en LCR de meningitis lo que hace de este método un rápido y efectivo elemento de orientación etiológica